Business Models for Mobile Fare Apps (2020) / Chapter Skim
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8 Literature Review This chapter presents a review of relevant literature pertaining to transit fare payment technology, particularly mobile fare payment apps and is organized in two sections. The first section reviews prior studies from TCRP.
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Literature Review 9 TCRP Report 32: Multipurpose Transit Payment Media studied advances in payment technology, particularly smart cards, that enabled fare media to be used on multiple transit systems or for nontransit functions (Fleishman et al., 1998)
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10 Business Models for Mobile Fare Apps visual validation, as is typical of "flash pass" fare collection systems. The ticket screen typically contains dynamic security features such as a moving animation, a countdown, or a changing "color of the day" to prevent users from creating fraudulent electronic tickets through screenshots or other means.
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Literature Review 11 • Model 2: Open Design and Closed Payment Architecture -- Mobile Ticketing The second model includes account-based systems that are open in design or technology, closed in payment architecture, and are used for mobile fare payment apps. A mobile fare payment app system is account based and requires a user to register a device and payment method to purchase fare products (Okunieff, 2017)
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12 Business Models for Mobile Fare Apps wearables that support Bluetooth Low Energy, chip-based government or work-issued identification cards, or possibly even personal biometrics. Before proceeding, one important clarification should be made: this research focuses specifically on mobile fare payment apps and does not include other forms of mobile payment that could be used for transit fare payment (as discussed in both TCRP Report 177 and TCRP Synthesis 125)
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Literature Review 13 Studies Published in 2015 The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (Tavilla, 2015) published an early study summarizing the state of consumer experience with and adoption of transit mobile fare payment apps.
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14 Business Models for Mobile Fare Apps generate large quantities of data about where and when passengers are traveling, which can be used for transportation planning. Beginning in 2016, a two-part study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of deploying mobile fare payment apps at a transit agency in Florida.
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Literature Review 15 which is referred to as geotargeting. Focus groups and an online survey of app users were conducted, and the results revealed that most app users found it acceptable for NJ TRANSIT's app to detect their location.
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